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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | karkalam | om karkal |
| 2SG: | karkalat | ot karkal |
| 3SG: | karkaleš | ok/ogeš karkal |
| 1PL: | karkalə̑na | ona/ogə̑na karkal |
| 2PL: | karkalə̑da | oda/ogə̑da karkal |
| 3PL: | karkalə̑t | ogə̑t karkal |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | karkal'ə̑m | šə̑m karkal |
| 2SG: | karkal'ə̑č́ | šə̑č́ karkal |
| 3SG: | karkal'e | ə̑š karkal |
| 1PL: | karkalna | ə̑šna karkal |
| 2PL: | karkalda | ə̑šda karkal |
| 3PL: | karkal'ə̑č́ | ə̑št karkal |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | karkalə̑nam | karkalə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | karkalə̑nat | karkalə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | karkalə̑n | karkalə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | karkalə̑nna | karkalə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | karkalə̑nda | karkalə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | karkalə̑nə̑t | karkalə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | karkalam ə̑l'e | om karkal ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | karkalat ə̑l'e | ot karkal ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | karkaleš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš karkal ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | karkalə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na karkal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | karkalə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da karkal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | karkalə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t karkal ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | karkalam ulmaš | om karkal ulmaš |
| 2SG: | karkalat ulmaš | ot karkal ulmaš |
| 3SG: | karkaleš ulmaš | ok/ogeš karkal ulmaš |
| 1PL: | karkalə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na karkal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | karkalə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da karkal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | karkalə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t karkal ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | karkalə̑nam ə̑l'e | karkalə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | karkalə̑nat ə̑l'e | karkalə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | karkalə̑n ə̑l'e | karkalə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | karkalə̑nna ə̑l'e | karkalə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | karkalə̑nda ə̑l'e | karkalə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | karkalə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | karkalə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | karkalə̑nam ulmaš | karkalə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | karkalə̑nat ulmaš | karkalə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | karkalə̑n ulmaš | karkalə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | karkalə̑nna ulmaš | karkalə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | karkalə̑nda ulmaš | karkalə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | karkalə̑nə̑t ulmaš | karkalə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | karkal | it karkal |
| 3SG: | karkalže | ə̑nže karkal |
| 1PL: | (karkalə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na karkal) |
| 2PL: | karkalza | ida karkal |
| 3PL: | karkalə̑št | ə̑nə̑št karkal |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | karkalnem | ə̑nem karkal |
| 2SG: | karkalnet | ə̑net karkal |
| 3SG: | karkalneže | ə̑než karkal |
| 1PL: | karkalnena | ə̑nena karkal |
| 2PL: | karkalneda | ə̑neda karkal |
| 3PL: | karkalnešt | ə̑nešt karkal |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | karkalnem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem karkal ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | karkalnena ə̑l'e | ə̑net karkal ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | karkalneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než karkal ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | karkalnena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena karkal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | karkalneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda karkal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | karkalnešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt karkal ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | karkalnet ulmaš | ə̑net karkal ulmaš |
| 3SG: | karkalneže ulmaš | ə̑než karkal ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | karkalneda ulmaš | ə̑neda karkal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | karkalnešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt karkal ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | karkalaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | karkalman |
| Active participle: | karkalše |
| Passive participle: | karkalme |
| Future-necessitive participle: | karkalšaš |
| Negative participle: | karkaldə̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | karkalə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | karkalde |
| Gerund of prior action: | karkalmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | karkalmeš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | karkalšə̑la |
| Nominalization: | karkalmaš |
| Negative nominalization: | karkaldə̑maš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||